2016年视频编解码器现状
对于编解码器来说，2015年是动荡的一年. 今年1月，HEVC似乎是板上钉钉的事情, 看起来在7月份遇到了麻烦, 但在12月幸运地复苏了, 尽管在它的使用寿命中缺少了几个月的生产时间. Open source codecs began the year with the entropy normal only in the codec world, as entities with clearly aligned goals evolved in completely different directions. 然后, 在最罕见的情况下, the companies reversed course and converged toward a single standard, 哪一个 almost certainly helped shove HEVC back on its intended path. 一路走来, there were some interesting new technologies making the usual bold (and unproven) claims of pristine quality at seemingly impossible data rates (PERSEUS, Tveon). 如果你错过了这一切，这里是你的编解码器年回顾.
At the start of the year, HEVC turned 2 years old, and there was a 来自MPEG LA的单一版税池 收费0美元.前100后的编码器和解码器每单位20,000个单位, 第一年就有2500万美元的工资帽, 而且对hevc编码的内容不收取版税. Several services had already deployed HEVC content, most famously 网飞公司 with 《百家乐软件app最新版下载》.
在开源方面, Google was delivering about 30 percent of all content via VP9 to save big on bandwidth and 提高低比特率文件的质量. In October 2014, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) sponsored the 互联网视频编解码器(netvc)工作组, with a goal of delivering the specification for a competitive open-source codec by May 2017. One proposed codec was Daala, a collaboration between Mozilla and Xiph.org. Daala was making progress, but it wasn’t close to commercial availability. The other candidate was VP10, the next-generation codec after Google’s VP9.
Pre-NAB公告
3月26日, HEVC提前, 独立的许可管理员, announced a new HEVC patent pool with an initial list of licensors that was expected to include GE, 鲜艳的色彩, 杜比, 飞利浦, 和三菱电机. The new company promised to announce royalty rates and licensing terms in the second quarter of 2015.
HEVC提前网站上快乐的人们. Clearly they weren’t discussing feedback from the company’s first proposed licensing structure.
4月1日, V-Nova, 该公司成立于2011年，总部位于伦敦, 宣布了新的PERSEUS编解码器, 哪一个, 根据新闻稿, 以高清比特率提供“超高清质量”, SD比特率的高清, 和音频比特率的SD视频.” 流媒体 一再要求测试珀尔修斯, V-Nova已经衰落, 在IBC之前, 该公司声称它是 “与许多运营商合作” 试用和评估使用PERSEUS编解码器的超高清.
11月. 2015年23日，V-Nova宣布西班牙广播公司 MediaPro Overon部署了一款基于perseus的产品 to deliver a contribution stream from a soccer stadium to the Overon control room. 根据新闻稿, PERSEUS delivered an Ultra HD stream at 240Mbps with “visually lossless” quality.
当然, proprietary technologies such as PERSEUS have the smoothest path toward success in closed-loop markets, 很高兴看到V-Nova取得进展. But neither the closed-loop application nor data rates presage PERSEUS’ release—at least not anytime soon—into general purpose streaming markets, 哪里的数据速率要低得多, 比如细节, licensing and compatible decoders—complicate productization and market penetration. 此时此刻, PERSEUS remains an outlier—neither standards-based nor open source—and without third-party tests, 很难确定它的潜力.
V-Nova是在四月愚人节推出的. This, and the company’s aggressive claims, gave many compression pundits pause.
打破骆驼的背
7月21日，HEVC提前宣布了其授权条款. Briefly, encoder/decoder pricing, whether in hardware or software, ranged from $0.每单位80元减为1元.50元/件, 没有最低限度的例外，也没有上限, 追溯到这项技术的第一次使用, 你们这些讨厌的早期采用者! HEVC也获得了0分.5 percent royalty on attributable revenue, essentially a royalty on HEVC-encoded content.
Industry reaction to the proposed royalty was almost uniformly negative on multiple fronts.
为…写作 流媒体 在博客上，丹·雷伯恩指出 HEVC提前一直在索赔 但缺少细节. 潜在的授权方也强烈反对内容版税. 例如，美国职业棒球大联盟高级媒体公司的首席技术官乔·因泽里罗， 告诉猛电缆, “The notion of gross revenue is the part that’s just a non-starter. If it was just another toll to pay and the toll was sort of reasonable ... 这没什么大不了的. 但是总收入 ... 没有一家主流公司会这么做.因泽里罗接着说，“H。.265项专利让4K和8K的销量大受打击.”
在编码器/解码器方面, 目前还不清楚HEVC提前提出的版税费率, 哪一个 exceed those proposed by MPEG LA by as much as 10 times over, 将 withstand a FRAND (Fair, Reasonable, and Nondiscriminatory) challenge 根据工业标准中使用的技术的要求. With companies such as Apple looking at a $120 million first-year payout, 弗兰德的挑战似乎几乎是确定无疑的.
最后, 正如雷伯恩在上面提到的博文中所写的那样, 第三家HEVC授权集团也正在形成. 突然间，HEVC从 既成事实 变成一团无法控制的混乱. Meanwhile, behind the scenes, the open source community was making plans to consolidate its efforts. 但首先是托尔.
在开源前沿
8月. 11, 思科宣布了雷神， an open-source codec the company submitted to the aforementioned IETF NetVC workgroup. Given that Thor was “years away,” the announcement had the feeling of being more sizzle than steak. Still, that didn’t stop The Broadcast Bridge from breathlessly trumpeting, “思科要和雷神取消HEVC?” 至少标题里有个问号.
然而，大新闻出现在8月8日. 31、当一个新的财团叫了 开放媒体联盟宣布 that it’s working on a codec that could be delivered as soon as January 2017. 该集团包括许多著名的公司, 包括谷歌, 亚马逊, 思科, 微软, Mozilla, 网飞公司, 亚马逊, 和英特尔, 他们都同意放弃知识产权的版税.
开放媒体联盟引起了轰动, 并可能将HEVC提前推向成功之路.
显著, the group consolidated the development of the three major IETF next-gen codecs (VP10, Daala, 和托尔), perhaps forever cementing Thor’s place as the world’s shortest-lived video codec. 更重要的是, 这将加速联盟编解码器的发展, 并确保其被选为IETF的NetVC编解码器.
联盟编解码器的机会有多大? As 在本评论中讨论, the standards-obsessed broadcast market will likely stick with HEVC. 然而, 考虑到HEVC提前最初提出的费率, the Alliance codec really looks like a threat to HEVC in browser-based playback.
这一切, 当然, assumes that the Alliance codec doesn’t infringe upon any HEVC or other patents, 哪一个是真正的可能性, Black Stone IP的Elvir Causevic和Ed Fish表示, an investment bank that advises operating companies on trading intellectual property and technology assets.
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